Superphosphate in the garden - benefits and instructions for use

Phosphorus is a macronutrient necessary for all plants at every stage of development. Phosphorus fertilizers are important in the cultivation of fruit, cereals, berry and vegetable crops. On the basis of whether phosphorus is sufficient in the soil, the formation and growth of generative organs depends.

The use of superphosphate in the garden

Without phosphorus, normal plant growth is impossible. Superphosphate allows you to get a plentiful harvest of delicious vegetables.

In natural form, phosphorus is low and its stores in the soil are rapidly depleted. Therefore, phosphoric mineral fertilizers contribute annually - this is an obligatory element of agricultural technology of any crops on any soils.

Often, even with good care and abundant application of organic plants on the plot look unimportant. On their leaves, violet spots appear, indicating a lack of phosphorus. Usually such a symptom appears after a sharp cold snap, as in cold weather the roots stop absorbing phosphorus.

If, after the air temperature has increased, the plants have lost a violet hue, so there is enough phosphorus in the soil. If this does not happen, you need fertilizing.

Phosphorus fertilizers are produced from minerals of natural origin, mainly from phosphorites. Some volumes of fat are obtained by treating acids with a tomslag - waste generated in the production of steel.

Phosphorus fertilizers are produced by many countries of the former Union:

• Ukraine;
• Belarus;
• Kazakhstan.

In Russia, phosphorus fertilizers are produced by 15 enterprises. The largest is Ammophos LLC in the Vologda Region, the city of Cherepovets. It accounts for at least 40% of all produced phosphate fertilizers in the country.

Simple, granular and double superphosphates contain phosphorus in the form of a water soluble monocalcium phosphate. Fertilizer can be used on all types of soils by any method of application. The expiry date is unlimited.

Table: Types of superphosphate

Name and content of phosphorus	Description
A simple 20%	Gray powder, in a humid atmosphere can be caked
Granulated 20%	Prepare from simple superphosphate, rolling the powder into gray granules. They do not stick together. Contains magnesium, calcium and sulfur. Dissolves in water, slowly and evenly releases the active ingredients
Double to 46%	Contains 6% sulfur and 2% nitrogen. Granules of gray color, are obtained by processing phosphorus-containing minerals with sulfuric acid. Fertilizer contains most of all phosphorus in a rapidly dissolving, easily digested plant form
Ammoniated 32%	Contains nitrogen, calcium, potassium and sulfur. Useful for growing cabbage and cruciferous crops. Does not acidify the soil, t. contains ammonia, neutralizing the decomposition of superphosphate

Superphosphate application instructions

Phosphorus fertilizers introduced into the soil undergo transformations, the nature of which depends on the acidity of the soil. The effect of superphosphate on acid sod-podzolic soils is pronounced. The least increase in yield is obtained on neutral chernozems.

Superphosphate can not be spread over the surface. In this form, he will not be assimilated by roots. It is important to bring the pellets into a layer of soil that will have a constant moisture content. Being in the upper layer, which then dries up, it is moistened, the fertilizer ceases to be accessible to plants and becomes useless.

Superphosphate can be applied simultaneously with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. It has an acidifying effect. When fertilizing areas with acidic soil, it is recommended to simultaneously add a little lime, ash or phosphorite flour, which neutralize soil acidification with the main fertilizer. The weight of neutralizers can reach 15% of the weight of the fertilizer.

The main way to provide plants with phosphorus is to add double superphosphate to the bed. Fertilizer is used for basic application and feeding.

The rate of double superphosphate

• In the spring or autumn, when digging a bed, 15-20 gr. per sq. m. m. fertile and 25-30 gr. per sq. m. m. infertile soils.
• In rows when sowing and planting seedlings - 2-3 gr. for one pog. m. or 1 gr. in a hole, mix with the ground.
• Feeding during vegetation - 20-30 gr. on 10 square. m., add in dry form or dissolve in 10 liters. water.
• Fertilizing the garden in the spring for digging or top dressing after flowering - 15 gr. on sq. m.
• Greenhouses and greenhouses - 20-25 gr. per sq. m. in the fall under a digging.

Dosages:

• a teaspoonful - 5 gr;
• tablespoon - 16 g;
• matchbox - 22 g.

Feeding

Superphosphate is poorly soluble in water, since it contains gypsum. To fertilize faster to penetrate to the roots, it is better to make the hood out of it:

1. Fill with 20 tbsp. l. granules with three liters of boiling water - phosphorus will pass into an easily digestible discrete form.
2. Put the container in a warm place and mix it from time to time. Dissolution of granules occurs in a day. The finished hood is white.

Before working on the mortar, dilute the working solution:

1. Add 150 ml of the suspension in 10 liters. water.
2. Add 20 gr. any nitrogen fertilizer and 0.5 liters. wood ash.

Phosphoric and nitrogen fertilizers are suitable for spring root feeding. Nitrogen will quickly enter the roots, and phosphorus will act gradually for several months. Thus, extract from superphosphate is an ideal additional fertilizer for fruit, berry and vegetable plants with a long aftereffect.

Superphosphate for seedlings

Young plants suffering from a lack of phosphorus - a common phenomenon. Often the elements are not enough for plants planted in the open ground too early. In cold weather, it can not be absorbed from the soil. To make up for the shortage, the root feeding is carried out with extract from superphosphate, prepared according to the recipe given above.

When growing seedlings in greenhouses superphosphate is made during digging in a dosage of 3 tablespoons per square meter. m. When growing seedlings in the home, at least once they are fed with a hood.